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14th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS (1st Galician)
The 14th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS (1st Galician) (, prior to 1944 titled the 14th SS-Volunteer Division "Galician" ()〔 was a World War II German military formation initially made up of volunteers from the region of Galicia with a Ukrainian ethnic background〔Williamson Gordon, SS Hitler's Instrument of Terror, Amber books 1994, pp.123–4〕 but later also incorporated Slovaks, Czechs〔〔IRikmenspoel Marc, Waffen SS Encyclopedia, Aberjona Press, 2004. p.90〕 and Dutch volunteers and officers.〔Kleitmann K. G. Die Waffen SS; eine Dokumentation. Osnabreuck, Der Freiwillige, 1965 p. 183〕 Formed in 1943, it was largely destroyed in the battle of Brody, reformed, and saw action in Slovakia, Yugoslavia and Austria before being renamed the first division of the Ukrainian National Army and surrendering to the Western Allies by 10 May 1945.
==Background==
After World War I and the dissolution of Austria–Hungary, the territory of Eastern Galicia (Halychyna), populated by a Ukrainian majority but with a large Polish minority, was incorporated into Poland following the Polish–Ukrainian War. Between the wars, the political allegiances of Ukrainians in eastern Galicia were divided between moderate national democrats and the more radical Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists. The latter group itself splintered into two factions, the more moderate OUN-M led by Andriy Melnyk with close ties to German intelligence (Abwehr), and the more radical OUN-B led by Stepan Bandera. When Poland was divided between Germany and the Soviet Union under the terms of the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact in 1939, the territory of eastern Galicia was annexed to Soviet Ukraine. In 1941 it was occupied by Germany.
Ukrainian leaders of various political persuasions recognised the need for a trained armed force. The Germans had earlier considered the formation of an armed force made up of Slavic people, but they decided this to be unacceptable as they regarded Slavs as sub-humans (''untermenschen'') compared to the Germanic ubermenschen master race.〔Domenico Losurdo, "Toward a Critique of the Category of Totalitarianism", ''Historical Materialism'' 12.2 (April 2004), p.25-55, p.50.〕 At the beginning of 1943, growing losses〔Idzio, V. Ukrains'ka Povstans'ka Armiya – zhidno zi svidchenniamy nimetskykh ta radians'kykh arkhiviv, Lviv, 2005, p.82〕 inclined Nazi leaders to alter their initial opinions.
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